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Which languages do you speak, Danielle?
English and Swedish, but I understand Norwegian and Danish as well, and a bit of French, too. I also did Latin at school and at university, but Iā€™ve forgotten most of that! I did study Polish for a couple of years, but havenā€™t really kept it up.

What did you want to be when you were growing up?
I didnā€™t have a career in mind when I was little, but I wanted to do something with languages. No one in my family had gone to university, so there wasnā€™t a huge variety of careers in my background. I just knew I didnā€™t really want to be a builder, a plasterer or a farm labourer!

How did you end up working in the translation industry?
For reasons I canā€™t remember, I decided to study Swedish at university. I wanted to use my degree in a relevant field. I did try teaching, but I came to realise that translation was the perfect career for me.

What does a normal day look like for a lead translator at Sandberg?
In general, roughly the same as for the other translators. Since Iā€™m a lead translator, it is more likely that project managers send queries from freelancers and clients for me to look at. Iā€™m responsible for updating our English language style guideĀ and our internal client-specific style guides. I also stay in touch with the other lead translators and our line manager.

Iā€™m the terminologist for the Nordic-English team, so I spend time checking existing term bases and adding new terms to them.

What differences are there between working at the office and working from home?
±õ³Łā€™s quieter ā€“ and as tidy as I like it! If thereā€™s any washing up in the sink, I know itā€™s mine! I canā€™t just walk over to someone and ask them a question any more, but I can easily contact anyone I need to online. You get used to that.

I do miss the lunch time chats about films and books. Now we have the Leeds office, though, which has offset that a bit. I can meet up with them to do that outside work!

Whatā€™s the most important quality for a good translator?
Conscientiousness. You have to be prepared to check and double check things. Especially now in the age of machine translation post-editing. You need to be conscious of all the different reference materials for a job and make sure the machine translation engine hasnā€™t missed anything. On top of that, you need to take into account the fact that the source text might have some mistakes in it as well!

How do you look after your target language skills?
I read a lot, older and newer books. Language does change! I try to be mindful of the fact that other people use language in a different way than I do. I live in my native country, so itā€™s less of an issue for me.

How about your source language skills?
I guess itā€™s similar to how I look after my English skills. I listen to Swedish radio programmes, for example , which is a programme all about language. It airs on but you can download it online as well. And I watch a lot of Swedish and Danish programmes in particular and chat to Swedish friends in Swedish.

±õ³Łā€™s actually quite hard to find a way to subscribe to magazines or to order books from the Nordic countries to be shipped to the UK. I swap books with a Swedish colleague and Iā€™ll pick up some new ones when I go to Copenhagen later in the year. I do get the magazine published by the . That helps with bokmĆ„l and nynorsk as well, though mostly we translate from bokmĆ„l.

Now would be such a good time to learn a foreign language, since you have all of these resources available to you online! When I was studying Swedish at university, you were reliant on what you had access to through your department.

What is your favourite part of your role?
Probably the terminology work I do. Iā€™m just a bit obsessed with it! I find that quite satisfying.

Machine translation ā€“ friend or foe?
Somewhere in between! When itā€™s bad, itā€™s very bad. When itā€™s good, it can be a little bit confusing. It can speed up your work, but you have to be careful.

What do you specialise in?
I do like doing medical work and building up the glossaries for that to make sure I get the benefit from them. I enjoy working on texts on environmental subjects, renewable energy and so on. As a lead translator, you need to be able to go through everyoneā€™s work in every domain, of course!

What motivates you in your work?
If possible, trying to make the translation read better than the source text. I canā€™t always do that, but thatā€™s the ideal.

If you could do any other job for a week, what would it be?
±õ³Łā€™s not really a job that exists, but Iā€™d like to go around correcting mistakes in English! Iā€™d just like to wave a magic wand and make all the spelling mistakes and errors right. Thatā€™s more a vocation than a job!

If you could wake up and be fluent in a new language, what would it be?
Probably Finnish ā€“ just because it is so difficult. I took some courses in Finnish linguistics and literature and the fundamentals of Finnish language while I was an exchange student in Sweden, but I never learned to speak it.

Do you have any language-related pet peeves?
So many! Theyā€™re usually grammar-based. I confess I am a bit of a grammar snob. I think maybe people saying things being Scandinavian when they really should say Nordic! The Scandinavian peninsula doesnā€™t cover Finland or Iceland.

Apart from that, apostrophes are the most obvious one in English. I think the rules are rather easy, so it annoys me that people still get it wrong. I can only hope that the English language skills taught in school are better now than they were when I was at school. Latin classes helped me with grammar more than the English classes ā€“ shout-out to Miss Mills!

Whatā€™s your favourite word?
I generally like place names; my current favourite is in Leeds because it comes from Old Norse. It basically means ā€˜site of a churchā€™, which means that is a bit tautological as a name!

Whatā€™s the one thing about you that surprises people?
I donā€™t drink tea. Just because Iā€™m English and thatā€™s the one thing everyone assumes about English people!

Otherwise, Iā€™m pretty much what you see is what you get, to be honest. People might be surprised to learn that apart from sci-fi and gardening, I also enjoy motor racing ā€“ Formula One.

I also walk around picking up litter and bringing it home, kind of like without the jogging part. I want to set up a new group for litter picking in my neighbourhood.

How do you unwind at the end of a long day?
Reading and when itā€™s a bit warmer I might go out for a walk or go to the pictures. I like my sci-fi!

Describe Sandberg in three words.
Expanding, inclusive, committed.

The post Q&A with Danielle Davis, Nordic-English Lead Translator appeared first on sa¹ś¼Ź“«Ć½.

This time, I sat down to chat with Junie Haller, who is part of the Danish translator team at STP. Junie started as a junior translator in our Whiteley office three years ago and received . After 2.5 years, she and her boyfriend (an STP colleague) relocated to southern Sweden to be closer to his family and to Junieā€™s native Denmark.

Which languages do you speak, Junie?

I speak Danish, obviously, and English and German. I havenā€™t used German actively for a while, but I have lived in Germany on a few occasions and I translate from German as well.

Now that Iā€™m living in SkĆ„ne, where the local dialect is a bit closer to Danish than standard Swedish, I try to make communication with Swedish-speakers easier by replacing Danish words with Swedish ones. I would like to learn Swedish, it would make everything easier. Especially when I call people on the phone, because as things stand I need to switch to English, which does feel silly.

What did you want to be when you were growing up?

I wanted to be a ton of things! I remember wanting to be a marine biologist, then I found out how scientifically minded you needed to be. Then I wanted to be a movie director, then an architect, and, later, an Egyptologist. Iā€™d always been good at languages, they came naturally to me. When I was about 15, I became really interested in German.

What was your first job?

For a few months, I was a waitress and a kitchen worker at a cafƩ in my home town. It was, at the time, the only cafƩ in town. We served simple food: sandwiches and nachos. We had all sorts of people coming in: regulars, families with kids, teenagers. It was the only place to go in town.

It was quite a small town?

Yeah, definitely.

Quite a few people at STP are from smaller places.

Yes, Iā€™ve noticed that, too! I had a theory about that: if you grew up feeling like you had to go somewhere to study or to work, youā€™re more prone to travelling more later on as well.

How did you end up working in the translation industry?

My degree was in German language, literature and culture. So it wasnā€™t strictly translation, though that was always part of it. After I had I finished my degree, I was looking for work and came across an ad from STP. I thought that was something I could see myself doing, Iā€™d been interested in translation as a career before. I was happy to discover I really enjoyed the work!

What differences are there between working at the office and working from home?

The main difference is of course that when you work from home you donā€™t have direct contact with your colleagues. But I do like peace and quiet, and I certainly donā€™t miss the commute! I can sleep for an hour longer now, since I commuted to Whiteley from Portsmouth.

Iā€™m still in just as much contact with my team even now as we have our team chat. And of course my boyfriend also works for STP, so I have at least one colleague here ā€“ and cats, too!

Whatā€™s the most important quality for a good translator?

I think one of the most important things is something that one of my university professors told me: to be able to translate well, you need to have a good grasp of your own language, the language you translate into. Someone asked him how you do that ā€“ he just shrugged.

I think you have to be immersed in your source and target languages. I suppose thatā€™s the difference between a machine and a good human translator. The text should read as if it hasnā€™t been translated. You get that from really engaging with the language youā€™re translating into and keeping up with how it changes.

Any advice for new people starting out in the industry?

Donā€™t despair! At the beginning itā€™s tough when thereā€™s so much to learn: tools, workflows and so on. But just persevere and be open to learning new things. Donā€™t give up!

Machine translation ā€“ friend or foe?

Definitely a friend. Iā€™ve never actually worked without it! ±õ³Łā€™s been a natural part of the way I work from the very beginning. The engines are getting better now and I feel like Iā€™m getting better at post-editing machine-translated output as well.

The more youā€™re able to embrace machine translation as a tool and make it work for you, the better. You shouldnā€™t get too relaxed, though! You have to avoid falling in the trap of under-editing the output.

If you could do any other job for a week, what would it be?

I think I would be a gardener, actually. Now that itā€™s spring and things are becoming greener, I think Iā€™d enjoy a week of getting my hands dirty. Itā€™d be nice to have a non-sedentary job in the fresh air for a week!

If you could wake up and be fluent in a new language, which one would it be?

Thatā€™s a tough one because I immediately think of Swedish! But I think I should go for something harder to learn.

In school, I did Russian for a bit but I wasnā€™t able to continue as there werenā€™t enough people to go on with the classes. Iā€™d love to be able to revisit that! But if I could speak Swedish fluently, that would be very helpful in my day-to-day life.

Whatā€™s your favourite word?

One of my favourite Danish words is ā€œkrasbĆørstigā€. ±õ³Łā€™s an older word that means something along the lines of ā€œfierceā€, ā€œviciousā€ or ā€œcrustyā€. I think people use it far too little!

Do you have any hidden talents?

When I was a kid, I used to do gymnastics. I was quite good at it, too! I wasnā€™t as physically active as a teenager, but I could still do a cartwheel, much to the surprise to my PE teacher at the time.

±õ³Łā€™s time. Tea or coffee?

Iā€™m definitely a tea drinker. I mostly drink green tea without milk, but Iā€™d put milk or a milk substitute into strong black tea. But Iā€™m really sensitive to caffeine, so I donā€™t drink much coffee or black tea, and only in the morning.

Who do you most admire, and why?

My mum. Sheā€™s just mentally and emotionally incredibly strong. She is the mother hen taking care of all of us. She has this incredible inner strength!

How do you unwind at the end of a long day?

I really like to go for walks. I often go for a walk after dinner. It sort of switches my brain off. ±õ³Łā€™s exercise, but not high intensity. You just put one foot in front of the other, and you get away from screens. And gin and tonic on Fridays!

Where is your favourite place to be?

Probably my parentsā€™ summer house by the beach in Denmark. Iā€™ve always loved going there: you get away from everything: thereā€™s no stress, no screens. I have a lot of good memories from that area from when I was a kid. I always look forward to going there and I never really want to leave.

Describe STP in three words

Welcoming, competent, chill.

The post Q&A with Junie Haller, Danish Translator appeared first on sa¹ś¼Ź“«Ć½.

Which languages do you speak, Amila?

The first language I learned to speak was , which is a Slavic language. I was born in Bosnia, which was part of Yugoslavia at the time. After the war broke out, we had to leave Bosnia. The UN placed us in Denmark as refugees. It didnā€™t occur to us that we were going to stay beyond the summer, so we just had summer clothes with us.

When we first arrived in Denmark, we were placed at a refugee centre, so I started going to school there. After two years, we got asylum and I changed to regular school with the other kids. I consider Danish my first language in addition to Bosnian; almost all of my schooling was in Danish, and so were my studies at university.

Apart from my two first languages, I speak English, German and French. I have a degree in French, but I havenā€™t used it actively for a while. At STP, I translate from English and German.

What did you want to be when you were growing up?

I wanted to be a veterinarian to save all the puppies! That was literally my thinking. This was before school. After that I thought Iā€™d also like to be an astronaut. Maybe I could go to space for a while and come back and then be a vet!

Later on, when we had already settled in Denmark, I decided I would become a translator and an interpreter.

What was your first job?

I worked in a toy shop. I had a few hours of work each week: shelving, tidying up and stockroom work. Many years later I actually got a job as a translator at their headquarters!

How did you end up working in the translation industry?

At the refugee centre, kids were much faster at picking up languages than the adults, especially when the adults were severely traumatised. We were all acting as translators and interpreters from a young age.

My career in translation evolved from that; I was interpreting for refugees and others as a teenager. Apart from that, I had really good language classes and language teachers at school. Because French and German are important in international organisations, I took those languages. We had English classes as well, of course. I continued with French and German at university.

I think of translation as a craft: the languages you know are the tools you have. Your craft, your skills are transferable between the different language pairs you translate in. I suppose Iā€™ve been training and developing my craft since I was at school!

In the end, you decided to focus on translation rather than interpretation?

Yes. When you do community interpreting, you go with the clients to hospitals, to court, to schools. You are constantly faced with unpleasant situations; it can be scary. I did even do a course on simultaneous interpreting at university; Iā€™m very impressed by people who do that every day. Consecutive interpreting was my forte ā€“ I had done so much of it already. But I donā€™t regret shifting away from that.

What differences are there between working at the office and working from home?

I did enjoy working at the office in Whiteley and later in London. Now I work from home, so I can listen to music while I work and look out the window ā€“ when the trees have leaves I have a nice view. Working from home suits me well ā€“ thereā€™s no commute. Thatā€™s a big plus! Thereā€™s also another benefit: I bake sourdough bread, so I can check on the dough during my breaks. Thatā€™s quite handy, too!

What does a normal day look like for a translator at STP?

Usually when I log on in the morning, I already have a good idea of whatā€™s in my workload for the day ahead. Iā€™ll often have some quick questions and updates in my inbox that I need to respond to. Then I just crack on with the first thing on the menu. Sometimes things go very smoothly, sometimes there are more emails to answer ā€“ but the main focus is the translation work.

Whatā€™s the most important quality for a good translator?

To not be afraid of using your expertise: you donā€™t need to ā€“ you shouldnā€™t ā€“ follow your source text word for word. You are the authority, you know what youā€™re doing ā€“ you need to have that confidence in your skills.

How do you look after your target language skills?

To stay current, I listen to podcasts and read books in Danish. I try to surround myself with Danish as itā€™s used right now. I try to keep it diverse ā€“ Iā€™m quite systematic about it, thereā€™s something almost clinical about how I try to make sure I get a good variety. I also like to watch Danish stuff on Netflix ā€“ I love and !

What is your favourite part of your role?

I get to focus on my craft and on the language. I want to play with words ā€“ build castles with them!

Machine translation ā€“ friend or foe?

Iā€™ve seen it be useful in specific categories. I find machine translation post-editing a productive way of working in certain domains, especially with technical texts. You have to strike the right balance between under-editing and over-editing machine-translated output.

If you could do any other job for a week, what would it be?

Iā€™d like to be a travel writer or a photographer. Thatā€™d be cool. Iā€™d go somewhere warm! Itā€™d be interesting to visit somewhere new, like Greece or Japan.

If you could wake up and be fluent in a new language, what would it be?

A coding language maybe! Or Japanese, just because itā€™s so far removed from the other languages that I speak. I would gain a different way to view the world ā€“ and I like the way Japanese sounds.

Do you have any language-related pet peeves?

Yes! ±õ³Łā€™s something that happens in Danish, which has a lot of compound nouns. People donā€™t always write them together or forget to write the hyphen. You see it in the news and online and itā€™s so annoying! Writing compound nouns together is logical, it impacts meaning!

An example would be a shop sign that says ā€œBedstemor cykler, DKK 500ā€. If you write the first two words separately, ā€œgranny cyclesā€ becomes a statement and no longer refers to the old-timey bicycles the shop is probably selling for 500 Danish kroner ā€“ instead it suggests some kind of senior citizen cycling spectacle.

Whatā€™s your favourite word?

±õ³Łā€™s (ā€œSaturdayā€ in Danish). I like the way it sounds. I remember learning it when I was little at the refugee centre. This one girl taught me the days of the week, I remember her saying ā€œ±ōĆø°ł»å²¹²µā€: the /œ/ sound was new for me, I think ā€“ itā€™s not a phoneme in Bosnian.

Whatā€™s the one thing about you that surprises people?

In Manchester, people are perhaps sometimes surprised to learn that Iā€™m both Danish and Bosnian. In Denmark, people donā€™t seem thrown by it.

Describe yourself in three words.

Traveller, foodie, adaptable.

±õ³Łā€™s time. Tea or coffee?

Iā€™d go for tea. I wasnā€™t a big tea drinker before I came to the UK, but tea is different here ā€“ I like it. Coffee has too much caffeine, I canā€™t handle it! I take my black tea with plant milk, like people do here.

Who do you most admire, and why?

I admire people who get up after they fall and people who are not afraid to fall ā€“ people who have the courage to take risks. I think I worry too much about failing at something. Iā€™m just cautious, I suppose. I find people who manage to bounce back after adversity really impressive.

How do you unwind at the end of a long day?

Often I watch something on Netflix ā€“ fantasy or science fiction. I like to read novels as well; thatā€™s my form of escapism! I also find cooking quite relaxing.

What are you reading right now?

Iā€™m reading a Danish book I picked up from the bring-and-share book shelf at our head office in Whiteley: Rouletten by Niels Lillelund. ±õ³Łā€™s a crime novel: a police officer is investigating a case where some casino workers have been murdered. I havenā€™t guessed who the killer is! It takes place in Copenhagen, which is interesting and a bit nostalgic for me, as I used to live there.

Where is your favourite place to be?

In water, swimming. Or, hiking somewhere far away from towns and cities. The Peak District and the Yorkshire Dales are great for hiking and walking ā€“ theyā€™re so close and thereā€™s always something new to see.

Describe STP in three words

Diverse, welcoming, sociable.

The post Q&A with Amila Jasarevic, Danish Translator appeared first on sa¹ś¼Ź“«Ć½.

Which languages do you speak, Megan?

I speak ā€“ to some degree ā€“ Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Spanish, Japanese and Bulgarian.

Yes, you have been learning Bulgarian! How is it going?

Well, Iā€™m pretty good at ordering lunch and thatā€™s about it! The guys from the office will tell you that there is a lunch place near the office that we go to: I can kind of handle ordering there. Sometimes, I find that I understand questions people ask in Bulgarian in the office well enough that I can reply in English.

I only started studying it informally when I arrived. Iā€™m picking it up as a I go along, really.

What did you want to be when you were growing up?

The first thing I remember wanting to be when I was four or five years old was a dentist. In secondary school, I wanted to be a nurse. I think I dropped that when I was at sixth form college.

When I was choosing what to study at university, I picked Scandinavian Studies when I realised that I was passionate about languages and literature rather than science subjects.

How did you end up working in the translation industry?

SiĆ¢n Mackie, who is a Senior English Translator at STP, was in the year above me at the University of Edinburgh. She had completed an internship at STP the previous year and came to talk to our translation studies class about her experience. After the talk, my tutor put me through to Anu Carnegie-Brown.

I was accepted for an internship: I started out doing translation, but I was asked if I wanted to try out project management as well. I really enjoyed it!

What does it mean to be Project Management Training Specialist?

It kind of means all things to all project managers! First of all, I take care of the formal project managersā€™ induction. Outside of that, my main responsibility is to provide ongoing training and support to the whole project management team working in our Varna office.

I do run formal training sessions, but aside from that, I come to the office in morning, see what people need help with and go and help them. I do scheduled shadowing: I observe project managers when they are working and help them. I support them with new tools and situations.

Basically, if a team member shouts out my name, I appear at their desk and help them out. Iā€™m also in charge of the project management training documentation and wiki.

Whatā€™s the most important quality for a good Project Management Training Specialist?

Patience. The project manager role is complicated, and thereā€™s a lot to learn. You need to recognise that everyone goes at their own pace and support them with that. Sometimes lots of people need you at the same time and you need to stay calm and help them all as well as you can.

How did you become a Project Management Training Specialist?

For about a year, I was a Team Leader for one of our Varna-based teams. The Team Leader was responsible for training, project management and leadership.

The team kept growing and there became a need to have someone else do the training. We decided that weā€™d have a new Team Leader and one full-time dedicated training specialist.

Training is something that I am good at and that interests me. I enjoy it a lot and I think the role is really well suited to my skills!

What is your favourite part of your role?

I would say it is just someone coming to me with a problem that I can troubleshoot and that we can solve together. It might be a technical issue, a client situation or they might be struggling to find a suitable linguist for a job. I enjoy finding a solution together.

Are there any differences between working in London and working in Varna?

Well, my life outside of work is less stressful here. I donā€™t have a big commute: I can just walk to the office. The Varna office is made up of project managers for the most part, so itā€™s a very chatty, interactive and collaborative space.

At the office here, thereā€™s a big culture of celebrating occasions, like name days and birthdays. People will bring in cakes and biscuits to celebrate all sorts of things, which is lovely.

If you could have a professional superpower, what would it be?

I guess it would be to open a piece of software and to know exactly how it all works instantly. Youā€™d save so much time looking for buttons!

Machine translation ā€“ friend or foe?

I think itā€™s a friend. At least in my experience, Iā€™ve found it quite impressive ā€“ itā€™s not the same for all languages of course!

If you could do any other job for a week, what would it be?

I would work on making the costumes for a big period drama. I do sew a bit now, though Iā€™m not very advanced. I would love to try that out for a little while!

If you could wake up and be fluent in a new language, what would it be?

Well, itā€™s not completely new to me, but maybe Bulgarian. But if it was a language I didnā€™t know at all, it would be Finnish.

When I was working as a Project Manager at STP, I was able to understand Danish, Swedish and Norwegian. I felt that if I had known Finnish as well, I would have been unstoppable!

Do you have any language-related pet peeves?

I would say that my pet peeve is when people are too prescriptive, especially about things like slang and the way younger people use language. Language is always evolving, and youā€™ve got to go with how people use it!

Whatā€™s your favourite word?

Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious!

Which three words describe your personality the most?

Determined, curious, resourceful.

Do you have any hidden talents?

Iā€™m quite good at knitting socks. I knit all kinds of socks, mostly for myself, and I like to experiment with different patterns. Usually the socks end up being quite colourful!

±õ³Łā€™s time. Tea or coffee?

Coffee if itā€™s in the morning, tea if itā€™s in the afternoon. If Iā€™m having tea, the milk goes in after!

Who do you most admire, and why?

My grandma. Sheā€™s just a really strong woman who has done a lot of things in her life. She was a nurse in the army and has eight kids and sheā€™s so good at so many things. Sheā€™s really strong-willed and fearless.

How do you unwind at the end of a long day?

Usually I either watch TV or listen to a podcast and knit. Right now, Iā€™m watching the TV series Vikings. A few people in the Varna office got me into it!

Where is your favourite place to be?

I think itā€™s Edinburgh. I went to university there, so I feel attached to it and Iā€™ve still got friends there. ±õ³Łā€™s a really nice place to go back to on holiday!

Your dream travel destination?

Maybe New Orleans, now that Iā€™ve crossed New York and Japan off my list.

Describe STP in three words

Flexible, innovative, intelligent.

The post Q&A with Megan Hancock, Project Management Training Specialist appeared first on sa¹ś¼Ź“«Ć½.

This time, the spotlight is on Anna-Leena Hilli, one of our Language Technology Specialists. A true STP stalwart, Anna-Leena started at the company as a Project Coordinator five years ago.

Which languages do you speak, Anna-Leena?

I can confidently say that I speak Finnish, English, Swedish and Dutch. I also speak basic French and understand some Norwegian, Danish and German. I did actually study German, but anything I understand now is because of similarities to Dutch!

What did you want to be when you were growing up?

The very first thing I can remember wanting to be is a cashier at a supermarket. At 17, I realised it was possible to work as a translator, so after that, I wanted to be a translator.

How did you end up working in the translation industry?

Well, I studied translation once I realised such a thing existed! I applied for an internship at STP towards the end of my studies at university. I got the internship and stayed on as a project coordinator after that. Luckily I was able to finish my dissertation, and therefore my degree, while working full time.

How did you first hear about STP?

I think it was during my fourth year at university that Raisa and Anu came to the University of Helsinki and did a workshop with us. They talked about the translation industry in general and mentioned STP, of course. Thatā€™s when I first heard about the company. I know theyā€™ve been back to do courses at the university many times since then.

What does it mean to be Language Technology Specialist?

I really do need to figure out a good way to summarise it! I would say that a big part of the work is regular technology support. Basically, if something ā€“ a CAT tool for instance ā€“ doesnā€™t work, we need to make it work again.

We also help the project management team with project preparation. I would say those two things take up most of my time.

Apart from that, we provide training, write instructions, look into new tools ā€“ in short, anything to do with translation tools. But the workā€™s not just about the technology; a lot of it is about working with people and helping them do their job.

Whatā€™s the most important quality for a good Language Technology Specialist?

The ability to get stuck into new things without fear. An ā€œI have no idea what this is, but Iā€™ll figure it outā€ attitude. You need to teach yourself new things, and then you can help others.

Perhaps the obvious answer would be that you need to be a quick learner ā€“ I think a willingness to learn and to make an effort is the most important thing.

What is your favourite part of your role?

±õ³Łā€™s a little bit difficult to explain! My favourite part is essentially figuring out how to make my own role unnecessary in the long run. I prefer getting to the bottom of an issue rather than putting out fires that could have been prevented, so to speak.

For example, if something has a complicated workflow and people struggle with it, I really like figuring out how to simplify the workflow, how to streamline it so that people find it easier from the word go. Making complicated things simple, in short.

What do you wish youā€™d known at the start of your career?

I knew there would be a lot to learn, but it took me a while to really understand that there are always going to be new things, that youā€™ll never know everything, that youā€™re never ā€œdoneā€.

When I was starting out, I didnā€™t know how technical the day-to-day work was and how many different CAT tools were out there. Learning a new one is always easier once youā€™ve mastered others. So if youā€™re interested in technology, there are a lot of interesting things to learn.

If you could have a professional superpower, what would it be?

It would be knowing exactly what any indecipherable error message in any tool means. Imagine knowing instantly what every ā€œobject reference not set to an instance of an objectā€ error was referring to. That would save so much time!

Machine translation ā€“ friend or foe?

Friend, absolutely. But itā€™s one of those friends that if you set too much store by what other people say, you might end up being prejudiced. If youā€™re willing to give it shot and learn new things, itā€™s definitely worth it.

Any advice for people starting out in the industry?

Iā€™d say itā€™s OK to not know exactly what you want to end up doing in the industry. For example, the role that Iā€™m in and the team Iā€™m in didnā€™t really exist at STP when I first started. ±õ³Łā€™s something that came later on.

For me, the transition from the project management team to the technology team was a natural progression. I had to learn to use the technology as a project manager and I found that side of things really interesting. When the technology team was created and started growing, it was very clear to me that I wanted to make that leap.

If you could do any other job for a week, what would it be?

I would want to be a neuropsychologist. I find anything related to the brain and how it works really fascinating. Iā€™m not academic enough to pursue a career in any of those fields. It would be cool to try for a week, though!

If you could wake up and be fluent in a new language, what would it be?

It would either be Korean or one of the Slavic languages, most likely Russian. They would be something completely different to the ones I know now, both in terms of culture and language.

Do you have any language-related pet peeves?

Not really! I definitely think that some situations require nit-picking and attention to detail, but in general Iā€™m not a fan of hard and fast rules in language. Languages change, thatā€™s just a fact. I suppose you could call me a fan of descriptive grammar.

Whatā€™s your favourite word?

This might be really random, but I like the word ā€œplausibleā€. ±õ³Łā€™s fun to say and the meaning somehow appeals to me as well!

Which three words best describe your personality?

I guess I would say ā€œgets thing doneā€.

Do you have any hidden talents?

I used to play the guitar, and I even have a certificate from a music school. But to be honest, I actually enjoyed the theory lessons much more than the playing. I got pretty good, but I wasnā€™t very motivated to practise. Being the person I am, I didnā€™t want to give up. Once I got the certificate after five years, I basically stopped.

±õ³Łā€™s time. Tea or coffee?

Coffee! Hopefully with a cinnamon bun, if someone will bake some for me!

Who do you most admire, and why?

People who can remain really calm and level-headed even in busy and in stressful situations. Especially if they manage to remain friendly as well!

How do you unwind at the end of a long day?

Youā€™ll usually find me on the sofa reading a book or listening to music. I read a lot of non-fiction books, especially about history. To unwind I prefer a good fiction book, but theyā€™re hard to come by!

Where is your favourite place?

Home, however boring that might seem!

Your dream travel destination?

I donā€™t really have a bucket list of countries or places to visit. But it would be really cool to travel to the area near the border between Russia and Mongolia. Iā€™d be a bit apprehensive about going without knowing any of the local languages, but it would be fascinating to visit!

Describe STP in three words.

Resourceful, trail-blazing, adaptable.

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In this final part, Mattia shares his thoughts on how translators can use MT as a tool ā€“ and how STP is going about it.

You mentioned that editing machine translation output is a skill all of its own for a translator. How does it differ from translation?

Iā€™d say that machine translation post-editing is not really that different from translation these days. Of course itā€™s quite different from translating a text from scratch in a word processor, but I thinkĀ sometimes people forget that translators very often work with translation memories (TMs) nowadays. So they donā€™t necessarily have a blank slate even without MT.

How does working with machine translation compare to working with translation memories?

±õ³Łā€™s somewhat similar; essentially, you are editing matches in both cases. In the case of TM matches, a tool will suggest translations of similar sentences that have been translated before and stored in a translation memory file attached to the project.

The translator might, for example, have a 95 per cent match where only the punctuation is different to that of the sentence they are looking at ā€“ or perhaps there is just one word that is different. Translators have become used to editing TM matches. An MT match is often much less accurate, but itā€™s a starting point.

How does the process of post-editing differ from the process of translation? What does a translator need to know before starting this?

The biggest problem, particularly for inexperienced editors, is bearing in mind that MT output is the work of a machine, not a human. You canā€™t trust a machine the same way you can trust a translation memory match from a previous translator.

This seems like a fairly straightforward distinction ā€“ the clue is in the name. But many struggle to make this distinction.

Another thing is the amount of training, because there is very little training and resources available. This is why we recorded webinars for our freelancers, and all our in-house translators have received training too. We canā€™t give people MT output and expect them to just deal with it.

Machine translation post-editing (MTPE) is not as intuitive as people think: training, experience and knowledge are necessary. ±õ³Łā€™s really helpful to try to understand why the machine produces the output it does ā€“ but this is something that requires an understanding of technology.

From my perspective, itā€™s really helpful to have very specific feedback from translators, as training the engine requires precision.

You can and should be able to influence the engine quality ā€“ you can train the engine as well as the translator. If you ā€œput yourself in the machineā€™s shoesā€, things start to fall into place.

STP is certified in MTPE according to the ISO 18587 standard. Why is this?

It shows the amount of effort weā€™ve put into learning, understanding and using this kind of technology as a company. And this isnā€™t just the case for the technology team ā€“ our production teams have put in a lot of work as well.

Adhering to the standard is something we are doing with everyoneā€™s best interests in mind; weā€™re trying to contribute to making a positive difference in the industry.

The standard is basically a set of guidelines ā€“ I would describe them as a collection of best practices. Basically, they raise the bar for everyone in the industry. Companies that care about these standards can promote them and counter the misuse of MT technology.

Do you think there is a lot of deliberate misuse of MT in the industry?

Some, certainly. There are companies trying to pass off raw MT output as translation and sending it out to vendors as regular revision projects, for example. But these agencies know what they are doing ā€“ and the revisers can spot this kind of thing a mile away.

There are some companies that lack information on the MT that they are using ā€“ or that they are expecting their vendors to use. They simply donā€™t know how good the MT output is, since they donā€™t have in-house people proficient in the relevant languages to check and provide feedback on it. STP only generates output for languages that we can check in-house. That way we know exactly what sort of quality it is.

Would you say that MTPE is faster than translation without MT?

There has been a lot of talk about MT improving productivity, but most of the research on this is done with very few people who are not working with strict deadlines. These circumstances do not really reflect the way in which translators work in the commercial world. The studies often make flawed assumptions too.

AT STP, we can test the effectiveness of MT as a tool internally. We have a lot of information on our translators and they already work with deadlines and under pressure, which makes them ideal test subjects.

How do you measure something like this accurately?

We have data based on edit distance ā€“ how different the final, edited output is from the raw, unedited MT output. In general, it seems that people are more productive with MT than without, though that doesnā€™t necessarily mean the quality is good.

How does STP measure machine translation productivity?

Basically, we are making an effort to track productivity gains. We are doing this by recording how much time projects where no MT is used take compared to MTPE tasks. ±õ³Łā€™s not the perfect metric, but we need some hard data on MT and how useful it actually is.

Is the difference that MT makes reflected in STP’s translation rates?

For us, itā€™s really not as simple as that. In terms of efficiency, we want to be sure we know what we are actually getting.

I see a lot of nonsense numbers being thrown around. For example, MTPE is supposedly 50% more efficient than translation. Even if there are time-saving aspects to this, itā€™s not realistic to put it in those terms.

The productivity increase needs to be contextualised as well. There are often other aspects that slow the work down, such as special instructions that need to be read and implemented.

At STP, we want to take into account the total effort people put into a project. And, at the end of the day, you still have to do the work ā€“ the engine just provides suggestions.

Based on the feedback weā€™ve had from our translators, so-called ā€œhigh fuzziesā€, meaning TM matches that are ranked as a 75% match or higher by the CAT tool, are almost always more helpful than MT matches. So when our translators use MT, they are only using it for sentences where there are no ā€œhigh fuzziesā€ available. So far, this has been a useful approach for us.

The one thing that is perhaps different at STP is that we have over 70 in-house translators who can help us develop our approach.

How does having a large team of in-house translators help?

They are all professionals who have been trained to post-edit MT output, and they are happy to help us develop the engines further. I can understand how a smaller company might find this harder.

At STP, we work with a small number of languages on a daily basis, so that means fewer engines to worry about than some other companies.

If people are not happy with something, we can try to improve it ā€“ or abandon it if that doesnā€™t help. We can go back to the drawing board.

How do you work with the in-house teams in practice?

We have one person for each target language who is our go-to person for MT development. So far, weā€™ve had this for all the Scandinavian languages and English. I work with these MT ā€œpower usersā€, or MT experts, when I need feedback.

±õ³Łā€™s easy to do this with translators who are genuinely interested in the process and the technology. The technology would not really be worth much to us without our translator teams ā€“ their effort is crucial in all stages of the process.

Learn more aboutĀ machine translation here.

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Their existence, lifestyle, traditions and languages have been challenged by governments, school systems and societal changes. Yet despite these challenges, it is evident that, in 2018, SĆ”mi culture is alive, thanks to the persistent efforts of SĆ”mi activists, politicians, artists, and journalists ā€“ not to mention the ordinary SĆ”mi people.

If the average Nordic person without SĆ”mi roots knows very little about indigenous SĆ”mi culture and politics, then itā€™s not much of a surprise that most people outside of the Nordic countries have never even heard of the SĆ”mi people.

To get started, hereā€™s a list of five words that are key for the SĆ”mi people ā€“ listed here in their Northern SĆ”mi forms.

1. Giella ā€“ language

The SĆ”mi languages and SĆ”mi identity are inextricably linked ā€“ but SĆ”mi people are basically always proficient in the majority language of the state they live in as well. After decades of under-representation and repression of these languages, there are SĆ”mi people who do not speak any SĆ”mi ā€“ and some of the SĆ”mi languages are on the brink of extinction.

The SĆ”mi languages are part of the Uralic language family, which makes them distant relatives of the Finnish language. As with Scandinavian languages, it makes more sense to see the SĆ”mi languages as a dialect continuum: speakers of different varieties may be able to understand each other to a degree ā€“ or not.

There are nine living SĆ”mi languages. The largest of them is Northern SĆ”mi, with approximately 15,000Ā speakers ā€“ the most threatened varieties only have a few dozen speakers left each.

2. ³ŅĆ”°ģ³Ł¾± ā€“ traditional clothing

³ŅĆ”°ģ³Ł¾± is the main part of the traditional SĆ”mi costume. This striking piece of clothing can be worn by any SĆ”mi person, although the details of the colour, fabric and decoration differ depending on the gender, family, marital status and regional identity of the wearer.

Some choose to stick to very traditional colour schemes and materials ā€“ but the younger generations especially are keen on adding some variety to their own traditional dress, as demonstrated by their Instagram on ²µĆ”°ģ³Ł¾±.

3. ³§Ć”±č³¾¾± ā€“ SĆ”mi region

is an area that spans four countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. It is often referred to as Lapland in English, although this word has also been used for provinces with rather different boundaries in Finland and Sweden.

Traditionally, the SĆ”mi people have been semi-nomadic, moving from area to area. Today, many of them live outside of ³§Ć”±č³¾¾± altogether, having moved south to study or work.

Estimates of the number of SĆ”mi people vary from 50,000 to 100,000, depending on . For some, itā€™s a question of identity, while for others the SĆ”mi languages are key.

4. Luohti ā€“ joik

The best-known aspect of SƔmi musical traditions is joik singing. These haunting, chant-like pieces are known as luohti in Northern SƔmi.

A luohti is usually a personal composition, which has traditionally been meant to represent or reflect the essence of a place or a person ā€“ a relative or a friend, for example. You would joik someone or something, not joik about them.

If you want a taste of this otherworldly tradition, go to and listen to Marit Kristine HƦtta Sara, the winner of the 2012 SƔmi Grand Prix.

5. ³§Ć”³¾¾±°łĆ”µØµØ¾± ā€“ SĆ”mi Council

To safeguard their culture and way of life, the SƔmi people have established various organisations and media channels. One of the main ways of cooperating across national boundaries is the , or the SƔmi Council, founded in 1956. In addition to this, there are SƔmi parliaments in Norway, Sweden and Finland.

The SĆ”mi are the only indigenous people in the European Union ā€“ this means different things depending on the member state that they live in. Most recently, many SĆ”mi activists have been campaigning for the ratification of the International Labour Organizationā€™s Indigenous and Tribal Peoplesā€™ Convention (Convention No. 169). Norway is so far the only state with ³§Ć”±č³¾¾± territory to ratify this convention.

Here are some more links to continue learning about the SƔmi people and their unique culture:

(subtitles in English)

(2016), a film about a young SƔmi girl studying at a Swedish boarding school in the 1930s, caught between the expectations of her traditional family and background and the harsh but tempting reality of city life and mainstream culture.

(with recordings of the pronunciation)

The post A Nordic indigenous people ā€“ 5 basic words in SĆ”mi appeared first on sa¹ś¼Ź“«Ć½.

In part 2 today, you can read Mattiaā€™s thoughts on the newest development within MT technology, which has people predicting the end of translation as we know it: neural machine translation.

So, Mattia, what is neural machine translation? And whatā€™s with the hype?

Neural machine translation (NMT) is essentially the same as statistical machine translation (SMT), but there is more of a ā€œbrainā€ behind it. NMT can potentially improve itself over time and learn on its own.

The vital difference is the amount of data an NMT engine needs ā€“ which is way, way more than a traditional SMT engine.

Essentially you have nodes that establish connections on several levels, such as the context and clause level. This makes NMT more flexible ā€“ it can analyse shorter bits of text, so the flow of the target output tends to be better.

We often joke that when you train a SMT engine, youā€™re training a machine. Neural is more like teaching a child a language ā€“ or bringing up a bilingual child! While the engine is learning, it makes plenty of mistakes along the way, of course.

How does NMT output compare to previous technologies?

The first thing is better fluency. The output from an NMT engine tends to be more idiomatic, meaning it reads more like natural language. More often than before, the engines are able to use an appropriate synonym or expression within the context of the sentence at hand.

Adapting to the immediate context helps a lot with languages like German or Danish that have complex syntax. Subclauses separated by commas are interpreted more accurately, for instance.

One key aspect of NMT is that it interprets morphology better. For example, a verb in the first person would usually be rendered as an equivalent verb in the first person. So, if the source says I write in English, the target would be Āį’Ć©³¦°ł¾±²õ in French, with the correct ending. If the engine cannot recognise the person, it will give you the next best thing, which is usually the verb in the infinitive (for example Ć©³¦°ł¾±°ł±š). This is then easy to edit manually.

We talked about training MT engines before. How does training NMT engines differ from SMT and RBMT (rule-based machine translation) engines?

NMT needs a lot more data than SMT and RBMT. The biggest hindrance to adopting NMT in the first place is that smaller companies canā€™t find enough data. To get started, a NMT engine needs at least 10Ā million words of data.

By comparison, an SMT engine can be good as long as the data is good; you can get a decent SMT engine with as few as a million words.

So, NMT is much more about quantity over quality in this respect! Just to put this into perspective, our Finnish NMT engine has 140Ā million words right now.

Another thing is training the engine. NMT engines tend to resolve issues themselves based on data you add ā€“ they come up with rules. You can still add rules if you want, but sometimes this can be counterproductive ā€“ you risk doing too much, being too strict.

For example, a German to English translator at STP was wondering why the German-English engine was translating personal names. It turned out that these specific names were also all meaningful nouns (such as the surname ²ŃĆ¼±ō±ō±š°ł, which means ā€œmillerā€). This means we had to consider the need for a new rule carefully, since the noun ²ŃĆ¼±ō±ō±š°łĀ (capitalised, like all nouns in German) might come up in a text about millers later.

In this case, leaving it alone and replacing the translated name manually each time was the easiest thing to do. ±õ³Łā€™s an easy mistake for the translator to spot. You see the error, you check the source and you fix the output accordingly. No one is expecting the output to be perfect.

Will NMT replace human translators?

A hundred times, no! A technology like this is only as good as the use you make of it.

I could imagine a situation where a company with several offices around the world would need internal communications, such as short messages from HR, translated very quickly. These could be run through a specialised engine the company has developed and trained for that purpose. The translation wouldnā€™t be high quality, but people would get the gist. But this would be internal communication and nothing customers would ever see ā€“ just for information purposes. Another example is using MT to translate large amounts of survey responses for market research purposes.

But this is not how itā€™s been used or how it is perceived by many. Many early adopters of machine translation have misused the technology, which has affected its reputation.

The key thing is to use MT output appropriately. Professional translators can use it as a tool. It has even been suggested that post-editing output produced by a MT engine could be a separate service one provides as a translator, as long as you know what you are doing.

Translators are not being replaced; it just that the way they work is changing.

Does NMT technology work differently with different language pairs?

It seems it has done, for some language pairs. For instance, English-Japanese is working quite well, which I find quite impressive. Nordic languages have not been concentrated on much, as they are smaller.

German output seems to suffer from the syntactic complexity and strictness of the language, and capitalisation is a huge issue. Romance languages seem to be working fairly well; NMT engines seem to cope with their verb paradigms and tenses.

Rather than the language pair, the issue is more the target language itself. Obviously Finnish has been a bit of a headache for us.

Why is Finnish more difficult for NMT?

I think morphology is more important, the grammatical complexity within words. The engine will have a harder time discerning the different parts of a word.

The Finnish case system is a real challenge for the engines. Each case ending is a variable, and you need to consider this variable in every scenario. Finnish has 15 different cases and there are several possible endings for many of those cases, which means there are a lot of potential alternatives.

So far, I have only heard of one company making a Finnish engine work really well in the terms of the morphology and fluency. And that can only be achieved by specialising in one language.

How costly is neural machine translation? Is it worth investing in NMT?

Very costly. You need powerful servers to operate the amount of data weā€™re talking about. If SMT is like driving a car, NMT is more like flying a jet ā€“ the fuel costs are much higher. ±õ³Łā€™s a lot more affordable now than it was before, though. More and more options are becoming available and prices are falling.

In terms of cost-efficiency, I would say that, if used correctly, MT has the potential to really speed up translation in established workflows.

How secure is MT in general and NMT specifically? How can we be sure that personal data and other data is safe?

It’s as secure as you want it to be. It depends on who deals with your engines and how. We have third-party technology, but weā€™ve checked their locations and their background.

We also clean the data to keep it secure so that no personal data gets used to train engines. Even Google no longer reuses the data you send back to them. For a while now, they have limited themselves to the data from Google itself rather than using the final output from the translators.

In other words, I think machine translation is very safe.

In part 3 of the interview with Mattia, we will talk to him about the practice of machine translation post-editing and how translators can learn to edit the output from MT engines.

Learn more aboutĀ machine translation here.

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Types of machine translation becoming available freely online has changed most peopleā€™s behaviour (at least online): you can now get the gist of an article or a website written in a language you do not understand with a few clicks.

Other machine translation engines are now being used by professional translators as well. The latest development is using artificial intelligence to help make the engines more accurate, which has led some to predict that the machines will take over the translation tasks performed by humans.

We sat down with the machine translation (MT) specialist in STPā€™s technology team, Mattia Ruaro, to discuss MT in the industry and at STP. Mattia is a translator by training and has become a key part of STPā€™s technology team after starting out in a project management role.

In this first part, weā€™ll talk to Mattia about what machine translation is and how machine translation engines can be used ā€“ and trained.

So, Mattia, how does machine translation work?

Machine translation is the technology that allows an engine to translate from one natural language to another. Thus far, natural language has basically also meant written language. Machine translation has been around for decades, but there has been a lot of progress in the last 20 years.

There are several types of MT engines; the rule-based ones came first, then the statistical ones and after that the more recent neural machine translation. Every new type of MT has followed the same pattern: the technology has been developed, itā€™s been trialled and used with a lot of enthusiasm ā€“ and then people have discovered its limitations.

While there is a lot of hype about the latest technology, neural MT, even replacing human translators, it has limitations, too. This cycle seems to be there for all the different technologies ā€“ none of them are actually quite the miracle solution they are hyped up to be at the start.

What are the differences between statistical machine translation (SMT) and rule-based machine translation (RBMT)?

In essence, rule-based machine translation does what it says on the tin; the engine operates according to a set of rules, which are inputted by the developer. Nothing apart from the rules regulates the output from the engine.

The limitations of purely rule-based machine translation were discovered quickly. You need to input all the rules manually and sometimes a long list of exceptions, which is just not viable in a commercial environment, since it takes far too long.

The only exception to this are situations where your source language and your target language are closely related. This means that the languages are very close in terms of their lexicon and the semantics of that lexicon, as well as being structurally similar. Since you donā€™t need to input lots of different rules, you save a lot of effort.

Statistical engines are different: they draw on data to create patterns ā€“ this is a more recent approach. ±õ³Łā€™s basically about feeding the engine as much data as possible and the engine finding patterns in that data.

At STP, which types of MT engines out of the ones you mention have been used?

All of them. We tried rule-based engines for translating between Scandinavian languages, which are closely related. So, we would use a rule-based engine to produce output to help with a text we were translating from Danish into Swedish, for example.

For the past 4ā€“5 years, statistical engines have been more viable for us business-wise. Lately, we have been experimenting with neural machine translation. We started with only English into Finnish for neural MT, but we are now in the process of trialling it with other language pairs as well. So far, it seems to be working well in terms of the fluency of the output but it still has some difficulties processing terminology, particularly when it comes to specialised areas. Only time ā€“ and extensive testing ā€“ will tell how much better this technology truly is..

Thus far, which languages is machine translation most successful for? What about text domains?

For us at STP, the differences have been bigger between different domains than between different language pairs. The big advantage of statistical engines over rule-based ones has been customisability. ±õ³Łā€™s all about the data you feed the engine.

If you only input data for one domain, you can get rather good results, since you are training the engine for a narrow scope of material. This has been successful for software, mechanical engineering, financial and business ā€“ the latter is a bit of a catch-all term for things like website content, newsletters, HR documentation and so on.

But MT has certainly not been successful for all domains. For example, we havenā€™t had much success with medical engines. Medical texts are heavily regulated, and machine-translation suggestions can become more of a hindrance than a help when youā€™re having to follow multiple glossaries and style guides.

Is it possible to train an engine with the help of glossaries and other resources?

Yes, with glossaries, certainly. Style guides are guidelines and they do not contain absolute rules, most of the time, so they are more difficult to implement. It also has to be said that these resources are only as useful as the client makes them.

Another issue with glossaries and resources is that they are often specific to one client ā€“ creating and training an engine for just one client is a big investment of time, effort and money. So, we need to be sure that it will be of use in the future ā€“ itā€™s a risky investment for a language service provider to make.

How do you train an MT engine to give you good-quality output?

By having a lot of good data to begin with. If youā€™re looking for material to input, make sure itā€™s clean, flowing text and just text. ±õ³Łā€™s much better to clean the data than to feed the engine unnecessary clutter.

Once the first batch of data has been inputted, you should start using it and get feedback from translators to see if you can tweak the engine.

Ideally, you would prepare the data to make it easier for the MT engine: youā€™d get rid of extra formatting and tags and make it easier for the engine to parse. MT engines will struggle with extremely long segments and fragmented content.

If itā€™s possible to get feedback and train the engine based on that, I would recommend this. The cycle of preparing the input, training the engine and asking for feedback should be repeated regularly.

This practice of continuously improving MT engines is actually part of the machine translation post-editing standard ISO 18587 that STP received a certification in in March this year ā€“ you have to make sure that thereā€™s a constant loop of feedback and improvement!

In part 2, you can read more about Mattiaā€™s thoughts on neural machine translation and how STP has approached using machine translation as another technology to help translators in their work.

Learn more aboutĀ machine translation here.

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