English adaptation Archives - sa国际传媒 /category/english-adaptation/ Nordic translation specialists Tue, 06 Apr 2021 09:46:15 +0000 en-GB hourly 1 3 reasons why English adaptation is your key to entering the UK market /3-reasons-why-english-adaptation-is-your-key-to-entering-the-uk-market/ Fri, 04 Sep 2020 11:16:18 +0000 /?p=26355 Thanks to the status of the English language as the world鈥檚 lingua franca, the needs of native British English speakers can sometimes be neglected in the UK market entry process. If you鈥檙e a US-based company launching a new app, for example, translating your user interface into French, German and Spanish for your European launch is ...

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Thanks to the status of the English language as the world鈥檚 lingua franca, the needs of native British English speakers can sometimes be neglected in the UK market entry process. If you鈥檙e a US-based company launching a new app, for example, translating your user interface into French, German and Spanish for your European launch is a no-brainer. But what about English?

In this typical expansion model, English is often the overlooked language. As Brits can understand 鈥 or think they understand 鈥 American English with ease, what鈥檚 the incentive to localise your product for the UK market? Many new entrants make the mistake of thinking that there鈥檚 little value in UK localisation.

Traditionally, many software companies didn鈥檛 invest in localising their product for the UK market. British users were used to seeing Microsoft Word offering options to change the font听肠辞濒辞谤听辞谤听肠别苍迟别谤听text. In recent years, however, there鈥檚 been a change in expectations amongst UK consumers and they now expect products and services to be available in their variety of English.

Here we鈥檒l dispel some of the myths about English adaptation and explain why it鈥檚 a worthwhile 鈥 or even vital 鈥 investment.

Our English translation services

We offer translation services into English from French, Italian, German and Spanish (FIGS), as well as the Nordic languages.

1. US English can be a barrier to entering the UK market

The debate about who English 鈥榖elongs to鈥 is as old as the hills. Many Brits have a sense of ownership of the English language 鈥 the attitude that American spellings, grammar conventions and vocabulary are 鈥榠ncorrect鈥 is extremely prevalent. Although this viewpoint doesn鈥檛 stand up to much linguistic scrutiny, depending on your product it could create a barrier to entry to the UK market.

Take the example of , the writing tool. As the product originates in the US, its initial offering didn鈥檛 cater for different dialects of English. Grammarly was therefore offering its users in the UK suggestions that didn鈥檛 make sense for them 鈥 insisting on inserting a comma before听and, for example, or marking UK spellings like听谤别补濒颈蝉别听补苍诲听别苍诲别补惫辞耻谤听as incorrect. It听听to choose their dialect of English, making their offering much more relevant for a UK audience.

Take the time to research the UK market and understand what the expectations of your new customer base are.

Differences in dialect aren鈥檛 just about grammar and spelling though 鈥 they reflect cultural and consumer expectations. When it comes to marketing food products, for example, US consumers will be used to seeing terms like听GMO-free,听trans fat听补苍诲听low cholesterol听on their products. Referring to GMO may actually create a negative perception amongst UK consumers who generally don鈥檛 expect food to be genetically modified 鈥 their first thought will be 鈥榳hy are they having to specify GMO-free?鈥. UK consumers are unfamiliar with the term听trans fat听(their addition to food is restricted by law) and products generally don鈥檛 focus on cholesterol content in the same way as they do in the US.

With this in mind, you might want to emphasise different features of your product. UK consumers value foodstuffs free of artificial colours and flavourings, for example. Labels like听free range,听辞谤驳补苍颈肠听补苍诲听Fair Trade听are also highly prized, although these come with certification requirements.

Take the time to research the UK market and understand what the expectations of your new customer base are. This will inform how you adapt your marketing copy for local consumers. Getting in-market expertise is vital here 鈥 don鈥檛 try and remotely manage this from the US.

2. UK English brings you closer to your customers

The adage goes that the US and UK are two countries 鈥榮eparated by a common language鈥. This shared linguistic heritage can gloss over some of the differences. There鈥檚 a stark contrast in the business cultures of the two countries, for example. Americans鈥 enthusiasm and initial warmth can be mistaken for interest in doing business, whereas Brits may seem cold and standoffish to Americans in the same situation.

Brits also value small talk as an icebreaker in a first interaction with a new business contact and may be offended if this is dropped in favour of a 鈥榣et鈥檚 get down to business鈥 approach. This aspect of the business culture tends to slow down deal-making, which may be frustrating to Americans used to closing faster.

The principle is the same as for any other language: if you鈥檙e selling to someone, sell in their native language.

The differing ways in which politeness is expressed in the two countries can also be problematic. Brits tend to pepper requests liberally with听please, for example when ordering in a caf茅:听Can I have a black coffee, please?听This use of听辫濒别补蝉别听is a standard way of 鈥榮oftening鈥 the request in the UK and to omit it would be considered rude. In the US, however, this use of听辫濒别补蝉别听can often seem passive aggressive, so it鈥檚 more common to express politeness with the use of a conditional verb like听飞辞耻濒诲听辞谤听could听and drop the听辫濒别补蝉别听altogether.

When it comes to English adaptation, the principle is the same as for any other language you localise into: if you鈥檙e selling to someone, sell in their native language. By sticking to US English, you pass up the opportunity to build an intimate relationship with your customer base 鈥 it will be hard for them to overcome the perception of your business as 鈥榝oreign鈥. Many US companies successfully enter the UK market, but there have also been plenty of high-profile failures stemming from a lack of consideration for cultural differences:听听补苍诲听听to name but two examples.

One aspect mentioned in the听听was their neglect to use a local voiceover artist for their TV advertisements. As a result, UK viewers deemed the brand 鈥榯oo American鈥 and weren鈥檛 able to connect with it.

Of course, failing to adapt to the UK market is about more than just language: you have to look at your marketing efforts as a whole and think about how to make your offering relevant. Language is a great place to start though. Being open-minded about adapting your marketing copy can make it easier to adjust other aspects of your brand proposition to ensure a successful UK expansion.

3. Adaptation prevents misunderstanding (and embarrassment)

Most of the time, English speakers from both sides of the Atlantic can understand each other perfectly well 鈥 or at the very least get by. When speaking, a lot depends on the dialects and accents of the speakers and how far apart they are on the spectrum of English varieties.

The written standards in the US and UK appear much closer. In writing, we don鈥檛 have to worry about differing pronunciations, for example. There鈥檚 also more of a shared standard grammar which minimises the differences between dialects. However, this doesn鈥檛 mean that there鈥檚 not the potential for major misunderstandings.

Investing in British English localisation should be a central part of your UK marketing strategy.

Let鈥檚 take a look at a few examples. In the UK, if someone鈥檚听full of beans, they鈥檙e lively and full of energy, whereas in the US this expression normally means that someone is incorrect (full of s**t).

In the US,听chat up听is increasingly used as a synonym of听talk up听鈥榯o speak positively about, promote鈥. The meaning is completely different in the UK, where听chat up听means 鈥榯o flirt鈥.

Then there鈥檚听蝉辫耻苍办测听鈥 a classic example which is resoundingly a compliment in the US. I鈥檒l allow readers to consult听听on Wiktionary to find out why it should be avoided in the UK!


An excellent guiding principle when entering a new geographical market 鈥 no matter how similar it may appear on the surface to your home market 鈥撎齣s not to underestimate the need for a tailored approach that respects local consumers鈥 needs and preferences.

Do plenty of market research and take advantage of the expertise of local translation and marketing agencies. Investing in British English localisation should be a central part of your UK marketing strategy, as tempting as it is to overlook. Why risk failure and damage to your brand?

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Being a FIG in a Nordic company: what the fig do we actually do? /being-a-fig-in-a-nordic-company-what-the-fig-do-we-actually-do/ Thu, 23 Apr 2020 09:12:23 +0000 /?p=24377 At Sandberg, we鈥檙e best known for our Nordic language solutions, so you might be forgiven for thinking that all our in-house linguists specialise in Nordic languages in one way or another. However, there鈥檚 a whole other side to Sandberg: a team of English linguists known as the 鈥楩IGS鈥 who translate and handle projects from French, ...

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At Sandberg, we鈥檙e best known for our Nordic language solutions, so you might be forgiven for thinking that all our in-house linguists specialise in Nordic languages in one way or another. However, there鈥檚 a whole other side to Sandberg: a team of English linguists known as the 鈥楩IGS鈥 who translate and handle projects from French, Italian, German and Spanish into English (see what we did there?).

Headed up by Account Linguist Team Leader Tom McNeillie, our FIGS team is now nine members strong, with two dedicated full-time translators as well as seven Account Linguists able to translate projects themselves and manage larger projects in conjunction with our trusted pool of freelancers.

But what does a typical day in the life of the FIGS team look like and what sort of work are we especially passionate about? With it being today (23 April), it felt like the perfect opportunity to get talking to my fellow FIGS鈥

1. French and German financial translation

One of the team鈥檚 key areas of expertise is in the financial domain. We receive texts such as key investor information documents (KIIDs), annual reports, commercial register extracts and prospectuses on a daily basis from a number of well-known French and German financial institutions. Thanks to years of experience and carefully managed translation memories, as linguists we are able to work through these efficiently and deliver highly consistent output that adheres to the terminological specifications of each client.

Translating these kinds of projects is a little like working on a puzzle 鈥 you have to piece together previous content and combine it with new information, keeping as close to previous examples as you can. The texts follow such strict conventions and formats that they also allow our linguists to gain a specialisation and an understanding of complex financial terms.

As Account Linguist Tom Beer puts it, 鈥淭he translation work we carry out is varied, but I do particularly enjoy applying my financial knowledge to fund reports and also learning how current affairs have impacted the markets.鈥

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We offer translation services into English from French, Italian, German and Spanish (FIGS), as well as the Nordic languages.

2. Clinical trial and medical translation

Another area where the team really excels is medical translation 鈥 specifically the detail-oriented world of clinical trials. This includes correspondence between medical professionals and ethics committees, requiring strict adherence to pre-existing study titles, guidance documents and official translations for the names of healthcare bodies. It can also bring up a whole host of medical terminology, meaning that our linguists are constantly kept on their toes.

But it鈥檚 a challenge that they really love. English Translator Rebecca particularly enjoys these projects: 鈥淢edical texts are one of the more complex and technical domains we work on, however, the key to cracking medical is terminology:听our specialist terminologists constantly work to ensure our term base is comprehensive and reflects current standards.听I love a challenge and the fact that I am constantly learning on the job.鈥

3. Adaptation from US to UK English

English adaptation is undoubtedly an expanding stream of work for Sandberg. This typically involves us reviewing US English marketing material and software strings for Silicon Valley tech companies and localising it so that a UK audience feels that it was written specifically for them. It can be more work than it sounds 鈥 it鈥檚 not simply a case of changing a few Zs to Ss. The two locales have different punctuation and grammar rules, and there are many cultural references that need changing 鈥 think school systems, food, even office vocabulary.

One of the great things about these projects is the unusual and exciting content that sometimes crops up. Junior Account Linguist Mary-Anna enjoys working on something different: 鈥淚t’s fun to get involved in something creative! It鈥檚 a nice break from the heavier work when you get to adapt a quiz or a game.鈥

So the next time you see your workplace collaboration platform suggesting a 鈥渢akeaway pizza鈥 social, consider there is probably a linguist somewhere who has adapted it from 鈥渢aco takeout鈥 and given considerable thought to the best solution.

4. Project management

As an Account Linguist team, we have the flexibility to work on those small urgent jobs that need assigning quickly to in-house linguists who can react straight away, while also getting stuck into larger, more complex jobs that require careful planning and scheduling with hand-picked, well-trusted freelancers.

For example, every spring we get the chance to manage the translation and revision of large French annual reports called universal registration documents听for some major industry names. These require us to book out linguists in advance and can have many stages running simultaneously, i.e. one chapter might be in the quality control step while another is being translated. And it鈥檚 our job to communicate all of the client鈥檚 feedback to our linguists, making sure everyone is on the same page.

Quite a few members of our team expressed a real love for this side of their work and the buzz that they get out of a project coming together. 鈥淲orking directly with the client and building a rapport with them allows you to take real ownership over that work and the final product, so you can take real pride in the outcomes and delivered material,鈥 says Senior Account Linguist Ryan.

5. Hopes to expand into different areas in the future

With all of this work going on, our team still have many more skills to bring to the table and areas they would like to develop. One of these is Spanish, a language which three members of our team speak and for which we are building up terminology resources to support.

Spanish to English is Junior Account Linguist 贰濒辞颈蝉别鈥檚 favourite language combination: 鈥淚 love the way the language flows and would enjoy working on more creative jobs in Spanish so that I can use听a wider range of vocabulary.鈥 Similarly, some members of our team have a real flair for marketing texts and would like to expand on the skills acquired from the press releases and brochures we already work on.

6. Teamwork

And finally, supporting each other as a team is vital to our work. When asked what aspect of the job they liked best, everyone mentioned how much they value the other members in the team and the flexibility we get from working with others who can react to anything at any time. Over time we have grown and learnt each other鈥檚 strengths, meaning we can work as efficiently and effectively as possible. Teamwork really is the bedrock of what we do!

For a brief summary of the information in this post, why not download our PDF on our FIGS Account Linguist team?

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3 approaches to adapting US content for UK audiences /3-approaches-to-adapting-us-content-for-uk-audiences/ Thu, 31 Oct 2019 12:10:58 +0000 /?p=21554 The clich茅 goes that the best translation work is invisible: when translation鈥檚 done well, the reader feels like the text was written in their language, just for them. But there鈥檚 perhaps an even more invisible type of linguistic work that we do on a regular basis: English adaptation. The exact definition of what constitutes adaptation ...

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The clich茅 goes that the best translation work is invisible: when translation鈥檚 done well, the reader feels like the text was written in their language, just for them. But there鈥檚 perhaps an even more invisible type of linguistic work that we do on a regular basis: English adaptation. The exact definition of what constitutes adaptation is a fuzzy one, but it can range from simply changing a few spellings to a deep, thoughtful localisation that considers syntax, colloquial expressions, cultural references and even what information is important in different cultures.

The most common language combination we encounter is听 to , although occasionally we鈥檙e asked to work in the other direction. There are of course other national standards for English too, such as , and , each with their own wrinkles and idiosyncrasies.听

You鈥檝e lost me, mate

But why is adaptation necessary? Can鈥檛 English speakers understand each other鈥檚 dialects easily enough that changing a text written in one anglophone country so it conforms with the standards of another鈥檚 is a waste of time? Well, though it鈥檚 true that most of the message gets across, the differences are greater than they may seem at first. Also, UK audiences in particular can find US English unfamiliar and alienating, and in some cases even downright irritating.

Not only is there an entirely different set of cultural references, but national senses of humour diverge greatly.

A classic scenario where the differences in English become apparent is in films and TV programmes that have crossed the Atlantic in either direction. Not only is there an entirely different set of cultural references, but national senses of humour diverge greatly. Most Brits have experienced the feeling of not getting a joke in an American film or TV programme because the cultural reference didn鈥檛 translate, and I鈥檓 sure that the feeling is mutual.

A couple of examples from my childhood that always puzzled me were 鈥渓amars classes鈥, which I didn鈥檛 find out until relatively far into adulthood are actually called 鈥溾. I also remember being baffled about 鈥淎ltoids鈥 (a type of mint common in the US, but to me some mysterious body part, mentioned in听) and 鈥淭riscuits鈥 (mentioned in the听episode 鈥淭he One with the Baby Shower鈥). I thought the latter was spelt 鈥渢risket鈥 and was some kind of ancient weapon.

These strange terms not only caused confusion, but they made me feel like I wasn鈥檛 in on the joke. If you鈥檙e a marketer from the US launching your product on the UK market, you run the risk of making your British audience feel the same way if you don鈥檛 get your marketing content adapted.

By the same token, it鈥檚 important to stay authentic to your brand and its values. Sometimes your brand鈥檚 cultural roots and heritage is what makes it stand out in your target market 鈥 , for example.听

However, no matter what sector you operate in, some level of localisation will be required, whether that鈥檚 for product, marketing or even internal communications.

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The adaptation spectrum

Approach 1: Reproofing

As mentioned at the start of this post, adaptation means different things to different people. For many clients, it can be as simple as changing a few zeds (or zees) to esses and jettisoning the odd , along with changing date formats, . We can call this type of adaptation reproofing, as it normally just involves skim-reading the source text.

Approach 2: Traditional adaptation

Sometimes this is enough: for example in business reports or technical manuals. Often though, clients want us to go further, changing terminology where relevant and possibly even phrasing. This is what clients normally mean by adaptation.

Approach 3: Full localisation

At the furthest end of the spectrum, clients want us to consider all of the above, plus the connotations of particular turns of phrase that might offend in the target market, as well as cultural references that could be lost on the target audience. In this way, the job becomes much more like a transcreation or localisation project, and requires considerable time, research and effort, rather than a simple spell check.听Let鈥檚 call this type full localisation. This type of project doesn鈥檛 come along every day, but when it does it can be the most impactful on the client鈥檚 target audience, as well as the most fun for linguists to work on.

We can visualise these types of adaptation on a spectrum:

As you can see, each requires a different approach and level of commitment. The tools used for each type of work also vary.

What鈥檚 the actual difference between US and UK English?听

Sometimes the line between US and UK English is not as clear-cut as it may seem. Spelling differences are easy to identify, as is the American propensity to capitalise the first letter of every word in headings. Then there are the famous terms all native English speakers know:听truck听vs听lorry,听candy听vs听sweets,听autumn听vs听fall. Depending on the domain and text type, the density of such terms can vary greatly.

What鈥檚 harder to pin down is the feeling that many British English speakers have that something just 鈥渟ounds American鈥. This gut reaction is not always rooted in solid linguistics: many terms have crossed the Atlantic in both directions, and American English preserves many archaic terms that had their origins in the British Isles.

The sum of these hundreds of tiny stylistic choices can be much greater than its parts.

There are certain tendencies that crop up again and again. Brits are quite fond of the perfect tense 鈥 most preferring听I鈥檝e already eaten听to the American听I already ate. This extends to the common phrase听Forgot password?, which is rendered as听Forgotten password?听in UK localisations of many web services. The way both nations use modal verbs varies quite substantially too:听must听is more common in US English than UK English, whereas听shall听is barely used west of the Atlantic despite still being in daily use in the UK.

The minute differences are too numerous to list here, and many resources exist that map out the differences in spelling, vocabulary and syntax. However, the sum of these hundreds of tiny stylistic choices can be much greater than its parts. They all combine to create a general sound, a feel, that many native English speakers can detect even if they can鈥檛 point out exactly what sounds odd about a particular construction.

Identifying all the possible changes that can be made is a complex task and requires an intimate knowledge of linguistic norms on either side of the Atlantic, as well as a keen eye. Often in cases of uncertainty, linguists must rely on gut instinct or straw polls of colleagues to check the validity of the changes they wish to make.

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We offer translation services into English from French, Italian, German and Spanish (FIGS), as well as the Nordic languages.

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